Magnesium is required for optimal rumen fermentation. Ruminants deficient in magnesium have lowered cellulose digestion in the rumen resulting in reduced appetite and total nutrient intake. Magnesium is also essential for key body enzyme systems regulating energy, protein and fat metabolism. In addition, magnesium is also involved in the uptake and metabolism of calcium, as well as nerve function.
A magnesium deficiency before calving is associated with a reduced voluntary intake, resulting in the inability of cows to gain weight despite above maintenance feeding levels, and an increased incidence of both milk fever (low calcium) and grass staggers (low magnesium).
After calving, magnesium deficiency has been associated with excessive body-weight loss, often with reduced milk production.
The impact of this disorder on your property will depend on a number of nutritional, environmental and management factors. Underfeeding, early calving on lush spring pasture, abrupt changes in diet, age (older cattle are more predisposed) and a large parasite burden are all factors which will increase the likelihood of animals lapsing into a low magnesium state.
As a general rule, magnesium supplementation should begin in the cows at least three weeks before calving and should continue for at least a month after calving where practical.
Options for magnesium supplementation include:
If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact us. It might be worth blood sampling some of your animals to assess whether you need to begin magnesium supplementation or whether it is safe to stop supplementing.
Tararua Vets offers a comprehensive on-farm and in-clinic veterinary service. Our branches in Pahiatua and Dannevirke complement this service with carefully chosen animal health products and merchandise with up-to-date advice on their use.
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